Optomotor control of the force of flight inDrosophilaandMusca

摘要

Specialized networks of movement detectors in the antero-inferior field of the eyes of the fruitfly,Drosophila melanogaster, and the housefly,Musca domestica, respond to upward (or downward) drift of the retinal images by excitation (or inhibition) of the lift-generating force of flight. The influence of the direction of pattern movement upon the altitude control response has been investigated under conditions of fixed flight in still air. Matched model analysis of the available response curves suggests the predominance ofunidirectionalmovement detectors in these networks. Homologous wingbeat-inhibiting detectors in the specified fields of the eyes of the two species respond preferentially to pattern movement from antero-superior to postero-inferior. The arrangement of wingbeat-exciting detectors seems to follow different schemes: These detectors respond preferentially to movement from inferior to superior inDrosophila, and to movement from antero-inferior to postero-superior inMusca. The wingbeat-exciting network inMuscais restricted to a comparatively small antero-equatorial area of the specified fields of the eyes. The combination of the two types of detectors in this area establishes a powerful lift control system which is particularly sensitive to minute deviations from a given level of flight.