Infection and Malnutrition

摘要

Malnutrition and infection operate in a vicious mutual synergism. Infection impairs the ability of the body to utilize energy and protein/amino acids; thus, nutrition support should be tailored to meet but not exceed requirements in the acute phase. Recovery from infection is often associated with significant anabolism; during this phase, nutrient requirements may increase dramatically. Malnutrition and infection operate in a vicious mutual synergism (Figure 1). Malnutrition predisposes to infection and increases the severity and mortality of infections. Infection reduces nutrient intake, interferes with substrate utilization, and promotes tissue breakdown. In a cyclical manner, each exacerbates the effect of the other. Approaching the two problems together is, therefore, of paramount importance. Poor outcomes are likely if either side of the equation is ignored.