Activating antigen-presenting cells is essential to generateadaptiveimmunity, while the efficacy of conventional activation strategiesremains unsatisfactory due to suboptimal antigen-specific priming.Here, in situ polymerization-mediated antigen presentation(IPAP) is described, in which antigen-loaded nanovaccines are spontaneouslyformed and efficiently anchored onto the surface of dendritic cells in vivo through co-deposition with dopamine. The resultingchemically bound nanovaccines can promote antigen presentation byelevating macropinocytosis-based cell uptake and reducing lysosome-relatedantigen degradation. IPAP is able to prolong the duration of antigenreservation in the injection site and enhance subsequent accumulationin the draining lymph nodes, thereby eliciting robust antigen-specificcellular and humoral immune responses. IPAP is also applicable fordifferent antigens and capable of circumventing the disadvantagesof complicated preparation and purification. By implementation withovalbumin, IPAP induces a significant protective immunity againstovalbumin-overexpressing tumor cell challenge in a prophylactic murinemodel. The use of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein S1 subunit also remarkablyincreases the production of S1-specific immunoglobulin G in mice.IPAP offers a unique strategy for stimulating antigen-presenting cellsto boost antigen-specific adaptive responses and proposes a facileyet versatile method for immunization against various diseases.
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