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首页> 外文期刊>journal of applied physics >Study of titanium diffusion in lithiumhyphen;niobate lowhyphen;loss optical waveguides by xhyphen;ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Study of titanium diffusion in lithiumhyphen;niobate lowhyphen;loss optical waveguides by xhyphen;ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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摘要

We have used xhyphen;ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the valence of diffused titanium in LiNbO3. Our measurements show Ti ions only in the +4 valence state within the sensitivity of the measurement technique. Further analysis of our data indicates that the Ti ions occupy a unique site in the LiNbO3unit cell.

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