Toyota's Heat Management System - Coolant Heat Storage for Mass Production Today, New Technologies for the Future

摘要

There has been pressing needs for the protection of metropolitan environment and the challenge of global warming. A heat management system prevails to meet such requirements. In actual driving condition, only about 30% of the total fuel energy is consumed for propulsion and air conditioner. At the same time 60% of fuel energy is wasted as exhaust gas, thermal loss and warm up loss. It is important to manage total thermal energy as a whole vehicle to improve thermal efficiency. The principle is to reduce heat loss in order to increase exhaust gas temperature and recover heat energy for pre-heating at the next cold start. Further developed versions may include thermal management strategies including turbocharger and thermal exchanger using exhaust gas heat energy. Toyota has developed the Coolant Heat Storage system (CHSS) for one of heat management systems to reduce cold emission and improve cabin comfort. The system enables to store hot coolant at the warmed up condition in a heat storage tank. At the next cold start, it is possible for CHSS to reduce unburned hydrocarbon by preheating intake port quickly with the hot coolant in the tank. CHSS was adopted in hybrid vehicle Prius for the US model in 2003. This vehicle achieved to meet the ATPZEV, the most stringent emission regulation in the US. This paper describes a total heat management focusing on the newly developed CHSS.