The research of materials to replace fossil-based polymers in modern science has become one of the most innovative developmental frontiers, especially as international oil prices continue to fluctuate incessantly. The use of fossil-based polymers that cannot be regenerated and that do not easily biodegrade has also been a public concern due to the serious environmental implications of their use. To date, biopolymers, a type of macromolecule that is naturally derived from materials such as crustacean shells, mushrooms, or wood, have become the most useful alternatives capable of replacing fossil-based polymers, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and renewable.
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