Enabling Real-Time Computation of Psycho-Acoustic Parameters in Acoustic Sensors Using Convolutional Neural Networks

摘要

Sensor networks have become an extremely useful tool for monitoring and analysing many aspects of our daily lives. Noise pollution levels are very important today, especially in cities where the number of inhabitants and disturbing sounds are constantly increasing. Psycho-acoustic parameters are a fundamental tool for assessing the degree of discomfort produced by different sounds and, combined with wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs), could enable, for example, the efficient implementation of acoustic discomfort maps within smart cities. However, the continuous monitoring of psycho-acoustic parameters to create time-dependent discomfort maps requires a high computational demand that prevents real-time computations within the nodes. Moreover, sending audio streams outside of the WASN for their further computation, would require extra communication and computational efforts without warranting a real-time monitoring, with the added problem of violating some privacy laws. As a result, most existing systems for nuisance assessment are usually based on less accurate indicators that require lower computational cost. In this paper, we describe the design and analysis of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with a big dataset of typical sounds occurrying in a city. The CNN allows to predict the psycho-acoustic parameters considered by the well-known Zwickers psycho-acoustic nuisance model with great accuracy, directly from the raw recorded audio signal. The proposed CNN-based system has been tested on both desktop computers and typical WASN devices (such as Raspberry Pi), achieving very fast calculation times that allow real-time operation and a continuous monitoring of psycho-acoustic parameters.