In spite of optimal treatment of LDL - cholesterol, as per evidence -based guidelines, only a one third reduction in cardiovascular risk is achieved in our patients. This has led to the realization that other types of cholesterol, too, need to be treated, in order to achieve ideal cardiovascular health. The review focuses on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as a target for treatment, its importance, relevant patents and current as well as future treatments.HDL particles have a charged, hydrophilic phospholipid surface which contains a hydrophobic core filled with triglycerides and cholesterol esters (CEs). HDLs carry various apoproteins including apo A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II, C-1II, E and J (clusterin). They are also able to bind a variety of enzymes that facilitate lipid transfer, peroxide reduction, and cholesterol esterification.
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