Pre-existing Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complicates 1-2 of all pregnancies and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality 1, 2. The risk of congenital malformations, polyhydramnios, pre-term delivery, pre-eclampsia, caesarean delivery, and fetal macrosomia (large for dates infant) are increased compared with non-diabetic pregnancies. Even amongst pre-gestational diabetic women with antenatal normoglycaemia, the risk of macrosomia and perinatal complications is still increased 3.
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