Attribution of interminima changes in the global thermosphere and ionosphere

摘要

abstract_textpWe present a statistical attribution analysis of the changes in global annual average thermospheric mass density and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) between the cycle 22/23 solar minimum (which occurred at epoch 1996.4) and the prolonged cycle 23/24 minimum (2008.8). The mass density data are derived from orbital drag, and the TEC data are derived from ground-based GPS receivers. The interminima change in mass density was -36 relative to the 1996.4 yearly average. Considering each multiplicative forcing independently, lower average geomagnetic activity during the cycle 23/24 minimum produced an interminima density change of at least -14, solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance forcing produced a density change of -1 to -13, and changes in thermospheric CO2 concentration produced a density change of -5. There was essentially no interminima change in global TEC derived from ground-based GPS receivers or space-based altimeters, even though past behavior suggests that it should have changed -3 (0.2 TEC units (1 TECU= 10(16) el m(-2))) in response to lower geomagnetic activity and -1 to -9 (0.1-0.8 TECU) in response to lower EUV irradiance. There is large uncertainty in the interminima change of solar EUV irradiance; the mass density and TEC data suggest a plausible range of 0 to -6./p/abstract_text