Significant differences in growing-season air and soil temperatures were found with increasing elevation in the upper montane and forestndash;alpine tundra ecotone. Temperature inversions in topographic depressions were frequent, especially during the growing season. Variability in bud flush timing with elevation was best accounted for by soil temperatures; however, air temperature recorded within a mat conifer also correlated well with bud flush timing. Significant differences in shoot elongation, needle length, and cuticular thickness were found with differences in climate and elevational changes.
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