Genetic variation 121 individual trees in seven populations of Japanese beech (Fagus crenate, Blume) were examined using AFLP technique. Large amount of genetic variation was revealed. Totals of 214 and 120 bands for the primer pair 1 and 2, respectively, were detected. On the average, 39.2 for the primer pair 1 and 39.9 for the primer pair 2 were polymorphic. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA method based on the heterozygosity within and between populations. Two large groups with geographic relationship were identified: one in the northeast and the other in the southwest of Japan. Over all estimation of F{sub}(ST) is 0.1723±0.0204 indicating large genetic differentiation among populations. Nucleotide diversity, π, was estimated on the AFLP data and ranged from 0.01057 to 0.01562. These values are comparable to the value obtained among the ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (0.0106){sup}(1)).
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