We assessed recent trends in hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in pregnant women with HIV using data from a large national study. Based on 1240 pregnancies, we observed a 3.4-fold decline in HCV seroprevalence in pregnant women with HIV between 2001 (29.3) and 2008 (8.6). This decline was the net result of two components: a progressively declining HCV seroprevalence in non-African women (from 35.7 in 2001 to 16.7 in 2008), sustained by a parallel reduction in history of injecting drug use (IDU) in this population, and a significantly growing presence (from 21.2 in 2001 to 48.6 in 2008) of women of African origin, at very low risk of being HCV-infected average HCV prevalence 1, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for HCV 0.09, 95 CI 0.03-0.29. Previous IDU was the stronger determinant of HCV co-infection in pregnant women with HIV (aOR 30.9, 95 CI 18.8-51.1). The observed trend is expected to translate into a reduced number of cases of vertical HCV transmission.
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