Lupus nephritis in a sister and brother pair was histologically analyzed. The 12‐year‐old sister showed clinically progressive renal failure and her renal pathology disclosed segmental necrotizing and disorganizing glomeru‐lonephritis. On the contrary, the 14‐year‐old brother exhibited nephrotic syndrome and his renal biopsy showed diffuse exudative and proliferative glomerulonephritis with segmental membraneous changes. Although the familial incidence of SLE suggests both genetic and environmental factors existing in the background of SLE of identical twins and siblings, the differences of clinical manifestation and histopathological findings imply that there might be little direct genetic and environmental control on determining the expression of the disease. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 607
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