Although atmospheric rivers (ARs) typically weaken following landfall, those that penetrate inland can contribute to heavy precipitation and high-impact weather within the interior of western North America. In this paper, the authors examine the evolution of ARs over western North America using trajectories released at 950 and 700 hPa within cool-season ARs along the Pacific coast. These trajectories are classified as coastal decaying, inland penetrating, or interior penetrating based on whether they remain within an AR upon reaching selected transects over western North America. Interior-penetrating AR trajectories most frequently make landfall along the Oregon coast, but the greatest fraction of landfalling AR trajectories that eventually penetrate into the interior within an AR is found along the Baja Peninsula. In contrast, interior-penetrating AR trajectories rarely traverse the southern "high'' Sierra. At landfall, interior-penetrating AR trajectories are associated with a more amplified flow pattern, more southwesterly (vs westerly) flow along the Pacific coast, and larger water vapor transport (qv). The larger initial qv of interior-penetrating AR trajectories is due primarily to larger initial water vapor q and wind speed v for those initiated at 950 and 700 hPa, respectively.
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机译:虽然大气河流 (AR) 通常会在登陆后减弱,但那些渗透到内陆的河流可能会导致北美西部内陆的强降水和高影响天气。在本文中,作者使用太平洋沿岸冷季 AR 中 950 和 700 hPa 释放的轨迹研究了北美西部 AR 的演变。这些轨迹被归类为沿海衰变、内陆穿透或内部穿透,具体取决于它们在到达北美西部选定的样带时是否留在 AR 内。内部穿透的 AR 轨迹最常沿着俄勒冈州海岸登陆,但最终在 AR 内穿透内部的登陆 AR 轨迹的最大部分是在巴哈半岛沿线发现的。相比之下,穿透内部的AR轨迹很少穿越南部的“高”山脉。在登陆时,穿透内部的AR轨迹与更放大的流动模式,沿太平洋沿岸的西南(相对于西风)流动以及更大的水蒸气输送(qv)有关。内部穿透AR轨迹的初始qv较大,主要是由于分别在950和700 hPa时启动的初始水汽q和风速v较大。
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