Although the definitions of subjective tinnitus and auditory hallucination are very similar, the origins and underlying causes of each symptom clearly differ. This study examined whether the differentiation of tinnitus from auditory hallucination is necessary for the proper management of these symptoms in schizophrenic patients. We investigated the characteristics of auditory hallucinations in 15 schizophrenic patients, and measured their pure-tone hearing levels and auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The average hearing level was 20.6 +/- 16.2 dB, with a mild decrease at high frequencies. We classified the patients into three groups: pure hallucination, tinnitus, and hallucination plus tinnitus. Eight patients (53.3 per cent) complained of pure hallucination and only one of them had a mild hearing loss. Hearing deficits were observed in six of seven tinnitus patients. Abnormal findings of ABR were found only in the pure hallucination group. The results suggest that tinnitus should be differentiated from auditory hallucination in the evaluation of schizophrenic patients.
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