Spruce growth response specificity after treatment with plant growth-promoting Pseudomonads

摘要

Naturally regenerating hybrid spruce seedlings (Picea glauca(Moench) Voss betaPiceaengelmanniiParry) were collected from sites near Mackenzie, Salmon Arm, and Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Bacteria were isolated from roots and screened in greenhouse trials for their ability to enhance spruce growth. Three strains belonging to the genusPseudomonaswere selected for study based on their disparate geographic origins and their capacity to consistently stimulate spruce seedling growth in screening trials. Factorial experiments were performed in the greenhouse to evaluate the effectiveness of thesePseudomonasstrains with different spruce ecotypes. Factors tested were spruce seed sources,Pseudomonasisolates, and forest floor soils originating from different sites. Three levels of each factor were studied: one spruce seedlot, onePseudomonasisolate, and one forest floor type each originated from a site at Mackenzie, Salmon Arm, and Williams Lake, British Columbia. Fourteen weeks after treatments were established, spruce biomass accumulation was greatest when spruce ecotypes were inoculated with bacteria originating from the same geographical area as spruce seed. However,Pseudomonasstrains originating from sites other than the seed collection area also stimulated seedling growth significantly, rendering the difference in growth promotion between bacterial treatments small and insignificant. In addition, spruce growth promotion was not enhanced when seed was treated with combinations ofPseudomonasstrains and forest floor soils originating from the same forest ecosystem. We conclude that specificity between spruce ecotypes and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains can be detected under carefully controlled conditions, thereby supporting the hypothesis that growth-promoting bacteria may adapt to their plant hosts. However, the growth advantage accruing to seedlings treated with bacteria originating from the same ecosystem is small and suggests that it is not necessary to matchPseudomonasstrains with spruce ecotypes and soil types for effective seedling growth promotion.Key words:Pseudomonas, spruce, specificity, growth promotion.