The toxicology of manufactured/engineered nanoparticles (NPs) is of increasing concern as nanotechnology continues to develop and manufactured NPsare progressively developed.' The existing toxicology database on nanoparticlesis almost entirely based on combustion-derived nanoparticles in environmentalair. This research led to the "ultrafine hypothesis",2' 3 which emphasisedthe combustion-derived nanoparticle (CDNP) component of particulate matter(PM) as a key component mediating adverse health effects. The toxicologicalmechanisms are centred around the ability of particles to cause oxidative stressand inflammation and translocate from the site of deposition. 4 This reviewintroduces environmental nanoparticles and their mechanisms as a basic paradigm,and then moves on to discuss toxicology of engineered nanoparticles.
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