A simulated rainfall study carried out as part of a larger grazing experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a 2#x2013;3 day cattle#x2010;treading event in winter on soil physical properties and contaminant (sediment and nutrient) runoff in topographically variable hill land. Measurements were made on two land zones: easy contoured ridges and gullies (15#x2013;24#xB0; slope) and steep inter#x2010;track land (28#x2013;39#xB0; slope). Simulated rainfall was applied to 16 plots (0.5 m2) with a range of treading damage for each land zone within 14 days of the treading event. Simulated rainfall was repeated on the same plots in the following summer and winter to assess the recovery of soil from treading damage.
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