Three different and interesting structural systems were developed for the roof and facade construction of the new Munich football stadium. The main roof structure is formed from large cantilever steel trusses with parabolic upper and lower chords. These are connected to the reinforced concrete frame via vertical tension anchorages and compression bearings. This apparently simple structure is complicated by the geometrical change in direction, in plan, of the chords at the compression bearings, resulting in considerable out of plane forces. Furthermore the bearings do not lie on the axis of the trusses, but are displaced to the side. The eight movement joints in the concrete frame are also incorporated into the roof structure. The stadium's horizontal and vertical cladding consists of parallelogram-shaped, air-filled ETFE "cushions". The supporting structure for both the vertical and horizontal cladding is a parallelogram-shaped steel lattice construction of rectangular hollow sections. This secondary structure is attached to the roof construction via stub columns. For the vertical cladding, cantilever beams are fixed to the concrete frame, with ring beams necessary at most floor levels. This secondary structure was further complicated by the architectural requirement that the movement joints were not to be visible in either the vertical or the horizontal cladding.
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