Recent progressive development of both fabrication process and circuit design techniques in superconducting integrated circuits made considerable advances on superconducting signal processing technologies based on superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits. Until now SFQ integrated circuits composed of more than thousands of Josephson junctions were designed and fabricated, and their high-speed and low-power operations were successfully demonstrated. It was proven that their energy efficiency was three or four orders of magnitude better than that of semiconductor integrated circuits.
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