Toxic and sublethal effects of ammonium chloride on a freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

摘要

The effects of ammonium chloride on survival and feeding energetics of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. At a concentration of 600 mg L-1 ammonium chloride, 100 mortality was observed within 24 h; no mortality occurred at 400 mg L-1 within 96 h; Concentration of 450 mg L-1 ammonium chloride was found as median lethal concentration at 96 h exposure. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of ammonium chloride, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 20.309 +/- 0.506 mg g live fish(-1) day(-1) (mg g(-1) d(-1)) (control) to 11.594 +/- 0.479 mg g(-1) d(-1) at the highest sublethal concentration (100 mg L-1). Growth rate was drastically reduced. References: 28