Optical waveguides in LiNbO3formed by ion implantation of helium

摘要

The paper reports the formation of optical waveguides in LiNbO3by the implantation of helium ions. The ion beam damage defines the lowhyphen;index regions which surround the waveguide. The computed index profile and the observed modes are in agreement. Changes inn0of up to 7percnt; are recorded as a saturation index change.