Surgery of female stress urinary incontinence aims primarily at the elevation of the urethrovesical junction to a high retropubic position. However, simultaneous correction of any coexisting genital prolapse is equally important not only for relief of the patient's symptoms but also to make normal unobstructed voiding possible. That is the reason why classic anterior repair still plays an important role for the repair of cystoceles although it is no longer recommended as a primary anti-incontinence procedure. Whether transabdominal paravaginal defect repair will be able to replace transvaginal techniques of cystocele correction remains open. Alternatives to bladder neck surgery include pelvic floor training, injectables, and artificial urinary sphincters (AUS). Recent developments are acknowledged.
展开▼
