Economics of creating CO{sub}2 hydrate on a large scale favor use of gaseous rather than liquid CO{sub}2 as input to the production process. We accordingly studied systems using deionized water and CO{sub}2 gas to reduce formation pressures andcosts of hydrate production to the greatest extent possible. Three research avenues were explored: utilization of hysteresis effects, use of dissolved Snomax (a protein from the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae), and development of a continuous flow reactor (cfr) utilizing vigorous mixing of water and CO{sub}2 gas. Hysteresis effects produced pressure reductions of 14-50. We demonstrated a method of transferring benefits from the hysteresis effect to a CO{sub}2 water mixture that had not yet undergonehydrate formation. Snomax at 10 ppm by weight produced about a 5 reduction in hydrate formation pressure. We designed and operated a prototype cfr with partial success at producing CO{sub}2 hydrate. The hydrate phase diagram is based on hydratedecomposition pressures and should not be used as an indicator of formation pressures.
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