An ever-growing number of cytokines that play a critical role as soluble mediators of immune and inflammatory responses are being described. Not surprisingly, most of them have been detected in SF or serum of patients with RA. However, given the numerous interactions within the cytokine network — e.g. agonistic and antagonistic properties and natural inhibitors — one should beware of over-simplistic views, the more so as extrapolation fromin vitroand animal models is always a challenge. From a clinical viewpoint, more work is required before measurements of cytokines in RA be used as activity indices and — more importantly-as prognostic ma
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