The Constancy of Two Dipole Moments in the Vapor State and Their Apparent Variation in Solution

摘要

The validity of the solution method for the determination of dipole moment is considered with particular reference to the possible variation of moment with temperature. The moments of heptyl bromide and butyl chloride in the vapor state are found to be 2.07plusmn;0.05 and 2.04plusmn;0.01, respectively, which show the absence of appreciable increase in moment in the normal alkyl chlorides and bromides with increase in the length of the carbon chain beyond ethyl. Consideration of these values together with data for the alkyl halides in solution leads to the following estimated moment values for the vapor state:nhyphen;propyl bromide andnhyphen;butyl bromide, 2.04plusmn;0.03;nhyphen;propyl iodide andnhyphen;butyl iodide, 1.93plusmn;0.04.