AbstractEpidemiologic studies have demonstrated a strong association between human immunodeficiency virus lpar;HIVrpar; and syphilitic infection. Recent reports have suggested that concurrent HIV and luetic infection may lead to an accelerated and more fulminant course of syphilis. Specifically, neurosyphilis is encountered much earlier in such patients. We report two cases in which both neurosyphilis and ocular syphilis were present in HIV serohyphen;positive patients. A review of the literature reveals that 11 of 13 lpar;85percnt;rpar; HIVhyphen;infected patients with ophthalmic syphilis also had neurosyphilis. In patients who present with signs of ocular inflammation and pose a diagnostic dilemma, syphilis and possible concurrent HIV infection merit strong consideration. We wish to emphasize that patients should be evaluated for the presence of neurosyphilis if cohyphen;infection exists. Ophthalmologists should be aware that neurohyphen;ophthalmic lues may prove to be the presenting feature of infection with HIV.RETINA9colon;175hyphen;180, 1989
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