Effects of nuclear radiations on structure and molecular motions in some crystalline stereoregular polymers

摘要

AbstractYoung's modulus and the mechanical damping factor have been determined between −180 and +280°C. (at a frequency of several kilocycles), in samples of isotactic polypropylene, isotactic polystyrene, andtrans‐1,4‐polybutadiene, subjected to pile irradiation (γ‐rays and neutrons) at γ‐doses from 90 to 4000 Mrad. In isotactic polypropylene no important structural changes are produced by the irradiation, except for a partial destruction of crystallinity. The samples receiving high radiation doses exhibit a low temperature loss region, which is attributed to the formation of a certain number of branches. Isotactic polystyrene shows very slight modifications of the dynamic mechanical properties at room temperature. At low temperature an increase of intensity of the δ relaxation phenomenon (probably due to oscillations of phenyl rings) with increasing radiation dose is observed. Important structural modifications produced by the radiation, destruction of crystallinity accompanied by crosslinking, which transform the material into a crosslinked rubber, are observed intrans‐1,4‐polybutadiene. Unlike conventional (sulfur) vulcanization, crosslinking by radiation does not cause a marked shift of the glass transition point. A secondary low‐temperature relaxation effect, not existing in the unirradiated material, appears in the mechanical loss curves of the irradiated samples; it is attributed to the formation of CH2sequences in the main chains through saturation of CC bonds. The mechanical spectrum of irradiated polybutadiene is very similar to those shown by crosslinked ethy