Ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) control with preemergence and postemergence herbicides.

摘要

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted during 2005 and 2006 at Stoneville, Mississippi (USA), to determine the control of ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) with several pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides registered for use in maize, cotton, groundnut, rice, and soyabean. Norflurazon, pendimethalin, clomazone, diuron, fluometuron, pyrithiobac, dimethenamid, flumetsulam, imazaquin, S-metolachlor, metribuzin, chlorimuron, atrazine, simazine, flumioxazin, and quinclorac were applied PRE. Ragweed parthenium control was highest with norflurazon (100) and clomazone (100) followed by fluometuron (96), metribuzin (90), diuron (87), flumioxazin (84), chlorimuron (77), and quinclorac (67) at 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) under greenhouse conditions. Control of ragweed parthenium was less than 58 with all other herbicides. Ragweed parthenium appeared to be highly sensitive to the pigment and photosynthetic inhibitors compared to the herbicides with other modes of action. Glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, bentazone, acifluorfen, chlorimuron, halosulfuron, MSMA, bromoxynil, atrazine, 2,4-D, flumioxazin, trifloxysulfuron, and clomazone were applied POST to field-grown rosette and bolted plants. Glyphosate, glufosinate, chlorimuron and trifloxysulfuron applied at rosette stage provided greater than 93 control of ragweed parthenium at 3 WAT. Halosulfuron, MSMA, bromoxynil, 2,4-D, and flumioxazin controlled 58-90 rosette ragweed parthenium at 3 WAT. Ragweed parthenium control with all other POST herbicides was less than 38. At bolted stage, glyphosate, glufosinate and trifloxysulfuron controlled 86-95 ragweed parthenium and control was 61-70 with chlorimuron, halosulfuron and 2,4-D 3 WAT. Overall, the efficacy of POST herbicides was better on rosette plants than on bolted plants. The amino acid synthesis and glutamine synthase inhibitors were more active than the herbicides with other modes of action. Norflurazon, clomazone, fluometuron, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, chlorimuron, and trifloxysulfuron could provide effective control of ragweed parthenium.