The lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) promotes division and maturation of oligodendrocytes in culture (1). We now report that a IL-2-like activity was present in injured rat brain. The ion-exchange properties of this activity were similar to those of splenocyte IL-2 but its apparent molecular weight was higher. Brain IL-2-like activity was highest in the tissue immediately adjacent to the injury, reaching a maximal activity of about 8000 U/g tissue after 10 days postlesion. The mitogenic activity of injured-brain extracts on astrocytes and CTLL thymocytes was partially inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to murine IL-2 receptor. However, pure human IL-2 did not have mitogenic activity for cultured rat astrocytes. Purified astrocytes, alone or stimulated in a variety or ways, did not produce IL-2-like activity.
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