It is reported that Japanese macaque groups relatively recently appeared, and raided crops in the region where they had never been seen at least for several decades. We made ecological studies of crop-raiding by Japanese macaques at Ujitawara-cho, in the south of Kyoto Prefecture, from May, 1998 through November, 1999. The study group called U was composed of 20 and some animals, and had a home range of 9.2 km{sup}2. Percentage of vegetation within the home range was: Quercus-Pinus forest, 39; artificial coniferous (Cryptomeria or Chamaecyparis) forest, 29; tea farm, 8; and land for housing and farming, 24. The group utilized most vegetable gardens and the Quercus-Pinus forests for feeding, and the coniferous forests for passage during long-distance movement and for night rest. It was confirmed that the monkeys utilized 40 articles of crop and 54 articles of natural food. Among them Kaki (persimmon) fruits, young bamboo shoots and rice grains were consumed most.
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