Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains one of the most common causes of post-neonatal infant mortality in developed countries. Its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to characterize changes in the proteome of SIDS compared to age-matched controls in heart and medulla tissues as well as in blood samples using two complementary quantitative proteomic techniques: 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ aiming to provide new insights into the mechanism of SIDS and to find diagnostic protein patterns. Our results revealed collectively 122 modulated proteins in SIDS of which 83 proteins were up-regulated. They are involved in metabolic processes, cellular processes, and localization. Gene expression patterns of selected proteins were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The role of hypoxia, inflammation, and apoptosis in SIDS was demonstrated by exploring some candidate proteins especially APOA1, GAPDH, S100B, zyxin, and complement component C4A. According to the results of this study, these proteins might be used as diagnostic biomarkers for SIDS. All of them were up-regulated in SIDS except for C4A that was down-regulated.
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