A new programme in rural Nepal was evaluated in which users partly fund the supply of additional drugs needed at health posts. Patients are charged a fee per item prescribed (FPI scheme). The scheme is administered by the District Public Health Office (DPHO). This scheme is compared with two established schemes: one charges patients a fee per prescription Cfee-per-scripf or FPS scheme) and is administered by independently paid NGO (non-governmental organization) staff; the other uses local shops as a means of supplying drugs.The new scheme was associated with a rise in average daily attendance from nine to thirty-two patients a day (a 240increase) when compared to a similar period the previous year. Fewer drugs were prescribed in the FPI scheme (average per patient 1.8 vs. 2.4, Chi square P<0.001). The average cost of a drug from the user's perspective was approximately 12lower in the FPI scheme. These factors combined to make the average cost to the patient of a prescription half that of one in the FPS scheme. The new scheme was 24cheaper to run on a‘cost per patient’basis when compared with the FPS scheme. However, the overall subsidy needed for the scheme to operate was higher because of the big increase in attendance. One-off stocktakes of ten essential drugs were used to assess the availability of drugs for patient use. The proportion of these drugs that were in low supply or absent was 24in the FPI scheme. This was similar in the other two sche
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