The systematic review and meta-analysis of 'Inequalities in the uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination' in this issue of IJE reveals the complexities of identifying the diverse factors which determine HPV vaccination uptake. The authors note 'the factors affecting HPV vaccination in Black young women are not yet fully understood'.Although the review particularly focuses on socio-economic and ethnic disparities in HPV vaccine uptake among young women in the USA, it acknowledges additional underlying factors—beyond economic and ethnic determinants-which also affect the uptake of HPV vaccines confirmed in studies globally.
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