One limitation of this study was that this was an ex vivo study of full-term placentae. There may be important physiologic changes postpartum or during earlier stages in pregnancy with a younger placenta. Another significant limitation was that the clinical significance of these levels is unknown. In addition, the levels measured in this experiment up to 3 h of infusion may not represent the exposure levels a fetus might experience when the mother is on anticoagulation for several months to indefinitely.
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