AbstractWater‐insoluble carboxyl‐containing starches were prepared by grafting acrylonitrile onto a highly crosslinked starch followed by base saponification to convert nitrile groups into a mixture of carboxamide and carboxylate groups. Ceric ammonium nitrate or ferrous sulfate–hydrogen peroxide was used to initiate graft polymerization of acrylonitrile. The isolated products were evaluated for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+from aqueous sol
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