Groin and hip pain may be due to local or remote causes; pain relief may require surgery. The groin is the area adjacent to the inguinal ligament. Clinically, it includes the lower portion of the anterior abdominal wall, and the proximal part of the thigh. This paper describes the surface and functional anatomy of the hip joint and pubic symphysis, including the anatomy of the surgical approach to the hip joint for hip arthroscopy. Particular emphasis is placed on features of surgical importance, including the blood supply of the head of the femar and the relationship of the nerves and vessels in this area to the arthroscopic portals. There are usually three portals, one directly anterior and 2 cm proximal to the tip of the greater trochanter one anterior, and the last posterior. Femoral nerves and arteries relating to these portals are discussed in detail, as well as the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and actions of muscles that act on the hip joint, including the muscles of the lower abdominal wall. Knowledge of the anatomy of the deep inguinal ring, the posterior wall and floor of the inguinal canal, are important in the treatment of chronic groin pain, which may be due to a potential hernia.
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