The chemistry of photographic developers as studied by electron-spin resonance

摘要

The suitability of esr for elucidating reation mechanisms in developer autoxidation processes and during silver halide development has been demonstrated by several authors for hydroquinone and other 18–20 developer solutions. This method enables the scientist to “observe” radical reactions directly and in many cases to unequivocally determine reaction mechanism and rates. Thus esr has provided the explanation for the unusual development kinetics of lith developers. It can be expected that further work will allow us to correlate the sensitometric properties of lith film/ developer systems with their radical kinetics and eventually lead to systems offering improved convenience and reliab