About 10-15 of adult gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and 85 of pediatric GISTs do not have mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA genes and are generally classified as KIT/PDGFRA wild type (WT). Recent studies have shown that this group of KIT/PDGFRA WT GISTs is quite heterogeneous in terms of clinical phenotype, genetic etiology, and molecular pathways. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit (SDH)-deficient GISTs, which include tumors that are part of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, are the newest group of KIT/PDGFRA WT GIST to be molecularly elucidated. This review aims to describe the different genetic subgroups of KIT/PDGFRA WT GIST, with a special focus on the SDH-deficient GIST.
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