Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

摘要

Abstract.The phylogenetic relationships of the genera, subgenera and species‐groups of the Vespinae are analysed using cladistic techniques. The results are used as the basis for a natural classification of these wasps. The cladogram for the four genera recognized is:Vespa+(Provespa + (Dolichovespula + Vespula)).No subgenera are recognized; all those previously described are synonymized with the appropriate genus. The synonymies ofNyctovespawithVespaandRugovespulawithVespulaare ne