Renewable Vegetable Raw Materials as a Base for Preparing Versatile Functional Nanocomposites

摘要

A power-saving technology was developed for preparing functional nanocomposites from renewable vegetable raw materials and nanosized elements. It was shown in 1-5 that carbon modifications prepared by pyrolysis of renewable vegetable raw materials, agricultural wastes, can be used as promising anode matrices for lithium-ion (polymer) batteries (LIBs). The amorphous, mixed, or crystalline carbon obtained in the process exhibits a valuable set of characteristics which favorably affect the electrochemical, physicochemical, mechanical, and technological properties of anode electrodes in their operation in the LIB system. Among key properties essential for attaining high operation characteristics of anode electrodes, we should note high purity of carbon (99.4-99.6) and highly developed surface of carbon modifications prepared from renewable vegetable raw materials. In addition, each kind of renewable vegetable raw materials has specific chemical composition, and a natural composite containing a valuable set of microelements is formed already in the course of the carbon matrix preparation 1—5.