here is increasing concern that most current published research linelings are lalsc. I he probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number ol other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio ol true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientific Held, hi this framework, a research finding is less likely to be true when the studies conducted in a field are smaller; when cllect sizes are smaller; when there is a greater number and lesser preselection ol tested relationships; where there is greater flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes; when there is greater financial and other interest and prejudice; and when more teams are involved in a scientific field in chase of statistical significance. Simulations show that lor most study designs and settings, it is more likely for a research claim to befalse than true. Moreover, for many current scientific fields, claimed research findings olten may be simply accurate measures ol the prevailing bias.
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