A Critique of Computer Simulation Software’s Used in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Analysis

摘要

Background: In the pharmaceutical sectors, the computer plays a crucial role as a commanderof all the theoretical aspects and provides a workbench to improve the overall quality ofpharmaceutical research and development. The aim of this article is to provide a computationalapproach to the development of numerous technology of computer software in the field of clinicalpharmacokinetics. The computational technique practised by clinical pharmacist and scientist withthe applied knowledge and skills in dealing with clinical pharmacokinetics problems can be appliedin routine clinical practices.Methods: To solve the various complicated pharmacokinetic equations and modeling of pharmacokineticprocesses, various software were used like Population pharmacokinetics, Individualpharmacokinetics, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) pharmacokinetics,in - silico pharmacokinetics like Window-Based Non-linear model fitting (WinNonlin), StatisticalAnalysis Software (SAS), Non-linear Mixed Effects Modelling (NONMEM), PK Solution etc.Results: Various software’s which was described in this paper help in the development of experimentalstudy designs, statistical treatment of data and various simulation studies, etc. A robust softwaresolution should be easy to use and address the three main parts of the PK-PD workflow like datamanagement, analysis, and reporting. PK-PD software’s allow researchers to predict ADME propertiesof new drug entity. For the study of the pharmacokinetic, the best software is WINBUGS wherethere is no limitation of dimensional array and size of the problem. The best software to be used forindividual pharmacokinetics is T.D.M.S in which, we can apply Bayesian and least square methodfor curve fitting and it can be used for both linear and non-linear pharmacokinetic data.Conclusion: Various software were discussed here. This software not only help in knowing thehistory of the software but also help in gaining more knowledge about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamicssimulation. Different software such as population pharmacokinetic, individualpharmacokinetic and others discussed in this article will help in the reporting and analyzing of data.The important points to be considered while selecting the software is also discussed which will helpin easy accessing of software.