BACKGROUND: Altered secretion of adipokines and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) seems to play a pivotal role in the abdominal obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). AIM: To determine semi-quantitatively the impact of serum NEFA, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels on IR measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). MATERIAL/SUBJECTS: Seventy-four Caucasian subjects forming 3 age-, and sex-matched groups were included into the study Group 1 and 2: non-diabetic obese patients, no.= 25, body mass index (BMI): 28-39.9 kg/m(2), no.=25, BMI>/=40 kg/m(2), respectively, and Group 3: 24 healthy, normal weight control subjects. METHODS: Serum levels of NEFA and adipokines as well as other metabolic variables including HOMA-IR were measured. RESULTS: HOMA-IR was associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, serum NEFA, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels, negatively with adiponectin, with no significant relation to resistin. In multiple regression analyses, of these factors leptin was a strong, IL-6 and adiponectin were weak independent predictors of HOMA-IR, while the others were not significant determinants of HOMA-IR. However, even together, they explained only 35-36 of variance of HOMAIR. CONCLUSIONS: Although IR has associations with many of the investigated parameters, of these, only serum level of leptin, and in lesser degree IL-6 and adiponectin are independent determinants of the severity of IR. Moreover, even together they explain only a minority of variance IR.
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