Background: Heart Failure (HF) and cognitive impairment (CI) represent two high incident diseases worldwide, with extremely elevated mortality and morbidity rates. Their prevalence is expected to further increase in the next years due to the aging population, thus they pose enormous clinical, social and economic challenges. Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is known to play a pivotal role in HF pathophysiology and progression. In fact, increased cardiac and circulating catecholamine levels are responsible for several molecular and structural abnormalities with detrimental effects on the failing heart. The proof of this latter concept is represented by the clinical success of P-Blocker therapy that is able to attenuate HF-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, adrenergic system alterations have been implied also in the pathogenesis of CI and dementia opening the window for new fascinating and promising therapeutic opportunities. Objective: Assess the state of the art on the relationship between cognitive impairment and heart failure. Method: In the present manuscript, we propose an updated review of literature and patent on the role of sympathetic nervous system derangement in the pathogenesis of HF and CI. Conclusion: We have discussed recent findings allowing the identification of new molecular targets that hopefully will contribute to the generation of effective therapeutic strategies for HF and dementia. In this article, the patents US20100048479, US7060871, WO2006052857, US7351401, US5721243, WO1994009155, US5449604, WO1999058981, US5985581, EP2319511, EP2377534, EP2650303, WO2006004939, WO2010132128 and EP1779858 are summarized.
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机译：背景：心力衰竭 （HF） 和认知障碍 （CI） 是全球两种高发病率疾病，死亡率和发病率极高。由于人口老龄化，预计未来几年它们的患病率将进一步增加，因此它们构成了巨大的临床、社会和经济挑战。已知交感神经系统多动症在心衰病理生理学和进展中起关键作用。事实上，心脏和循环儿茶酚胺水平升高是导致多种分子和结构异常的原因，对衰竭的心脏产生不利影响。后一个概念的证明表现为P-受体阻滞剂治疗的临床成功，该疗法能够减轻与HF相关的发病率和死亡率。最近，肾上腺素能系统的改变也暗示在CI和痴呆的发病机制中，为新的迷人和有希望的治疗机会打开了窗口。目的：评估认知障碍与心力衰竭之间关系的最新进展。方法：在本手稿中，我们提出了关于交感神经系统紊乱在 HF 和 CI 发病机制中的作用的文献和专利的最新综述。结论：我们已经讨论了最近的发现，这些发现允许识别新的分子靶点，希望这将有助于产生有效的HF和痴呆治疗策略。本文总结了US20100048479、US7060871、WO2006052857、US7351401、US5721243、WO1994009155、US5449604、WO1999058981、US5985581、EP2319511、EP2377534、EP2650303、WO2006004939、WO2010132128和EP1779858的专利。
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