Definition Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is defined histologically.Clinically, it is characterised by lower urinary tract symptoms (urinary frequency, urgency, a weak and intermittent stream, needing to strain, a sense of incomplete emptying, and nocturia), and can lead to complications, including acute urinary retention.Incidence/prevalence Estimates of the prevalence of symptomatic BPH range from 10-30 for men in their early 70s, depending on how BPH is defined. Aetiology/risk factors The mechanisms by which BPH causes symptoms and complications are unclear, although obstruction of the bladder outlet is an important factor. The best documented risk factors are increasing age and functioning testes. Prognosis Community and practice based studies suggest that men with lower urinary tract symptoms can expect slow progression of the symptoms.4 ° However, symptoms can wax and wane without treatment. In men with symptoms of BPH, rates of acute urinary retention range from 1-2 a year. Aims To reduce or alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms; to prevent complications; and to minimise adverse effects of treatment.
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