Incontinence

摘要

This review assesses innovations in female urinary incontinence under the topics of epidemiology, aetiology, clinical and urodynamic investigations and treatment. Advances are rarely sudden or exciting. Perhaps the most thoughtful contribution has been in geriatric medicine: the assessment of the elderly incontinent has been reviewed and we have been reminded of what are feasible and sensible investigations. A similarly cautious approach towards the use of symptoms alone as a screening test for urodynamic diagnosis in general practice has also been described. Otherwise, the published literature mainly confirms outcome and success rates for several modes of conservative treatment, while still questioning the mechanism of successful therapy.