In 100 cadavers the macroscopic structure of the posterior crural intermuscular septum and its relation to the muscles arising there have been examined. The areas of origin of these muscles show standard sizes well to be marked off. The dilatation and the localization of those standard sizes have been evaluated and the distal limiting marks of the areas of origin have been depicted showing the relative dimensions in regard to the length of the fibula. At the front of the septum the area of the peroneus longus muscle extends down to the seventh tenth part of the fibula. Farther down the peroneus brevis arises from the septum between the seventh and ninth tenth. At the back of the septum the soleus muscle arises between the distal edge of the gap for the common peroneal nerve and the second fourth of the fibula. Farther down the area of the flexor hallucis longus muscle extends down to the ninth tenth of the fibula. There are only few exceptions to these standard data. The distal limiting mark of the area of the soleus muscle shows a large range of variation (one fourth of the length of the fibula), thus indicating the progressive tendency of evolution of this muscle. The ‘chimpanzee type’ of the human soleus arises in an area reaching far downwards at the fibula and the septum, the ‘gorilla type’ shows a small area of origin there. Contradictory description in textbooks discussing the origins of muscles arising from the posterior crural intermuscular septum have been checked. Areas of the septum without origins, as well as gaps for nerves and vessels, are de
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