The Brid-man technique has been used to grow PMNT single crystals based on the understanding of the features of PMN-PT system and the thermal stability of PMNT crystals. The technique has some advantages for the control of spontaneous nucleation, parasitic growth, crystal size and perfection compared to conventional methods. In order to suppress the leaking of crucibles, improve the compositional uniformity and enhance the piezoelectric performance, some modifications were adopted in starting materials and crystal growth procedure. The PMNT crystals grown using this technique were large in size and excellent in piezoelectric properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. References: 7
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